﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" xmlns:sciepub="http://www.sciepub.com" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:taxo="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/taxonomy/" xmlns:prism="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/1.2/">
  <channel rdf:about="http://www.sciepub.com/portal/Journals">
    <title>American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture</title>
    <link>http://www.sciepub.com/journal/AJCEA</link>
    <description>American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that provides rapid publication of articles in all areas of Civil Engineering and Architecture. The aim of the journal is to provide academicians, researchers and professionals a platform to share cutting-edge development in the field of Civil Engineering and Architecture.</description>
    <dc:publisher>Science and Education Publishing</dc:publisher>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:rights>2013 Science and Education Publishing Co. Ltd All rights reserved.</dc:rights>
		<prism:publicationName>American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture</prism:publicationName>
		14
		2
		January 2026
		<prism:copyright>2013 Science and Education Publishing Co. Ltd All rights reserved.</prism:copyright>
    <items>
      <rdf:Seq>
        <rdf:li resource="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/1"/>
<rdf:li resource="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/2"/>
<rdf:li resource="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/3"/>
<rdf:li resource="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/4"/>
      </rdf:Seq>
    </items>
  </channel>
  <item rdf:about="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/1">
<title>
Sustainable Construction Practices: Deconstruction, Reuse, and Recycling Strategies in Cagayan 3rd District
</title>
<link>http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/1</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[This research examines sustainable construction methods in the 3rd District of Cagayan by combining deconstruction processes with reuse and recycling to manage increasing amounts of construction and demolition waste. The swift expansion of urban areas combined with insufficient infrastructure systems has led to heightened waste management challenges requiring local implementation of sustainable solutions. The research team implemented mixed-methods research to examine present construction waste techniques and to discover sustainable materials and methods while considering their environmental, economic and social effects. Construction contractors exhibited advanced understanding of sustainable building practices but generally chose material reuse as their primary strategy. The deconstruction process revealed potential but suffered from a shortage of skilled workers and adequate training programs while recycling operations faced obstacles due to poor infrastructure and insufficient economic incentives. Survey results revealed that respondents placed greatest importance on environmental advantages like diminished greenhouse gas emissions and better resource management while economic and social benefits achieved recognition but failed to be seen as essential. Three major barriers exist in the current system due to inconsistent regulatory enforcement together with insufficient government incentives and lack of community participation. Findings indicate construction industry support for sustainability exists at the local level but broader acceptance needs coordinated policy frameworks alongside infrastructure development and economic instruments together with community engagement. Local government entities and construction firms alongside other stakeholders use this framework and set of strategies to create sustainable building practices that meet local development targets while complying with international environmental standards.]]>
</description>
<dc:creator>
Jefrey  M. Buguina
</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:publisher>Science and Education Publishing</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:number>2</prism:number>
<prism:volume>14</prism:volume>
<prism:startingPage>26</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>38</prism:endingPage>
<prism:doi>10.12691/ajcea-14-2-1</prism:doi>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/2">
<title>
Seismic Fragility Assessment of Balulang-Macasandig Bridge in Cagayan De Oro City with Consideration of Soil-Structure Interaction
</title>
<link>http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/2</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[Regions located along the Pacific Ring of Fire, including the Philippines, are particularly susceptible to frequent and potentially damaging seismic events. Historical records have shown that seismic events in the Philippines have caused significant damage to infrastructure, including bridges, which are highly vulnerable to large deformations and displacement-induced failures. This study evaluates the seismic performance of the Balulang-Macasandig bridge in Cagayan de Oro City, through nonlinear static pushover analysis, the ATC-40 Capacity Spectrum Method, and probabilistic fragility assessment, incorporating both fixed-base and soil-structure interaction (SSI) conditions. The inclusion of SSI increased ultimate base shear in the X-direction by approximately 43% and 26%, while reducing it in the Y-direction by about 12.6%. Displacement demand increased with seismic intensity. At about 1g, moderate damage states became common and severe damage states began appearing at about 2g. SSI consistently resulted in higher displacement demands and earlier exceedance of damage thresholds. Fragility curves exhibited a leftward shift under SSI, indicating higher probabilities of damage at lower peak ground accelerations (PGA). Median PGA values in the X-direction ranged from approximately 0.32g for slight damage to 3g for collapse, while the Y-direction only reached moderate damage within the analyzed range of 0.84g-2.21g, reflecting greater transverse resistance. Lognormal dispersion values ranged from 0.85-1.59 and 0.93-1.05 in the X and Y-direction, respectively, indicating consistent variability in structural response. These findings emphasize the need to incorporate soil-structure interaction and site-specific geotechnical characterization in seismic assessment to ensure more accurate and reliable evaluation of bridge performance.]]>
</description>
<dc:creator>
Chub  Kreino T. Bokingo, Israel  A. Baguhin
</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:publisher>Science and Education Publishing</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:number>2</prism:number>
<prism:volume>14</prism:volume>
<prism:startingPage>39</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>45</prism:endingPage>
<prism:doi>10.12691/ajcea-14-2-2</prism:doi>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/3">
<title>
Determination of the Mechanical Characteristics of Silty Sand Improved to Granite Crushed for Use in Road Construction in Southern Benin
</title>
<link>http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/3</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[Faced with the growing shortage of conventional materials in road construction in South Benin, this study explores the valorization of the silty sand of Tohouè, an abundant local resource but unsuitable for the raw state because of its low lift and its sensitivity to water. The general objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical stabilization by adding Dan's 0/31.5 granite crusher to allow its use in road construction. The methodology consisted in formulating eight mixtures with crushed contents ranging from 10% to 45%, characterized by standardized geotechnical tests: particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, methylene blue value, modified Proctor and CBR index after immersion. The results demonstrate a gradual improvement in mechanical properties. The mixture with 20% crushed material already shows a marked improvement with a CBR of 58.4% and a density of 1.99 g/cm³, meeting the CEBTP standard. However, it is the 25% blend that constitutes the technical optimum, achieving a CBR of 63.65% and a density of 1.995 g/cm³, fully meeting the requirements of international standards for foundation layers. Therefore, stabilization with 25% granite crushed represents the optimal formulation, offering the best compromise between mechanical performance and economic viability. This solution allows a 75% saving on the use of noble materials while valuing an abundant local resource, thus constituting a sustainable alternative for road construction in Benin.]]>
</description>
<dc:creator>
Kocouvi  Agapi HOUANOU, Koutchika  Roger DANVI, Kpomagbé  Serge DOSSOU, Emmanuel  OLODO
</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:publisher>Science and Education Publishing</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:number>2</prism:number>
<prism:volume>14</prism:volume>
<prism:startingPage>46</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>53</prism:endingPage>
<prism:doi>10.12691/ajcea-14-2-3</prism:doi>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/4">
<title>
Implementation Gaps in Built Environment’s Universal Accessibility: A Systematic Review of Empirical Compliance Audits and Determinants in Urban Context
</title>
<link>http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/14/2/4</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[The built environment must be universally accessible to help create inclusive, equitable, and sustainable cities so that persons with disabilities, older adults, and those with mobility impairments can fully participate. Even with existing standards and universal design principles aimed at removing barriers, empirical research indicates that implementation gaps persist across diverse urban settings. This paper provides a systematic review of 30 peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2007 and 2026. By using universal accessibility audits, systematic checklists that are consistent with national and international guidelines, field observations, user interviews, participatory assessments, and spatial analysis methods, the studies in this paper analyzed public buildings, walking paths, transport, and parks, and other urban areas in places across Asia, Europe, North America, and others. Results indicate that compliance is consistently low to medium, with universal accessibility scores often ranging from 14% to 45% in shopping malls, old buildings, sidewalks, and open spaces. The prevailing physical barriers include poor ramps, uneven or blocked routes, a lack of curb cuts, insufficient signage, and discontinuous pedestrian networks. Systemic factors such as lack of awareness among professionals, variability in regulatory application, financial constraints, policy-practice linkages, and the disposition to reduce universal accessibility to a retrofit instead of a design factor are underlying factors. The review concludes that effective improvements require active, combined efforts: integrating universal design as a key part of early planning; strengthening enforcement and observation; enhancing stakeholder training and education; prioritizing participative user-centered approaches; and utilizing standardized yet flexible measurement tools and data-based analyses. Addressing these gaps is essential to promote social equity, community inclusion, and sustainable urban development.]]>
</description>
<dc:creator>
Ahmad  Ameen AlSaggaf
</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:publisher>Science and Education Publishing</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:number>2</prism:number>
<prism:volume>14</prism:volume>
<prism:startingPage>54</prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage>61</prism:endingPage>
<prism:doi>10.12691/ajcea-14-2-4</prism:doi>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>